Search results for "Diagnostic methods"
showing 10 items of 39 documents
New insights in primary ciliary dyskinesia
2017
Introduction: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease with an estimated prevalence of 1:20.000 births. It is characterized by abnormal motility of cilia, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance, and subsequent infection and chronic inflammation of the airways. PCD also affects spermatozoa and cilia in the Fallopian tubes, contributing to fertility issues; dyskinesia of embryonic nodal cilia causes a random distribution of the organs. Areas covered: An overview of the history, genetics, clinical manifestations in children and adults, diagnostic tests, treatments, and prognosis are reviewed. We also discuss current research and future prospects of PCD. Expert opinion: As …
Breast cancer in pregnant patients: A review of the literature
2018
Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is a rare occurrence at present; however, in recent years a trend towards delayed childbirth is generating an increase in its incidence. This situation requires a multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, oncologists and surgeons. In this review we analyse diagnostic methods, different possible treatments and long-term patient prognosis. We conducted a search for articles published in PubMed, or in abstract form from the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS), the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting, using the search terms: "Breast cancer and pregnancy". Brea…
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Traditional Chinese Medicine
2021
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a well-established medical system with a long history. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly expanding in many fields including TCM. AI will significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of diagnostics, thus increasing the use of effective therapeutic methods for patients. This systematic review provides an updated overview on the major breakthroughs in the field of AI-assisted TCM four diagnostic methods, syndrome differentiation, and treatment. AI-assisted TCM diagnosis is mainly based on digital data collected by modern electronic instruments, which makes TCM diagnosis more quantitative, objective, and standardized. As a result, th…
Clinical utility of novel biosensing platform: Diagnosis of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 at point of care
2021
Early detection is the first step in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, an efficient, rapid, selective, specific, and inexpensive SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic method is the need of the hour. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology is massively utilized to detect infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, scientists continue to strive to create enhanced technology while continually developing nanomaterial-enabled biosensing methods that can provide new methodologies, potentially fulfilling the present demand for rapid and early identification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Our review presents a summar…
Fluorescence Microscopy as a Diagnostic Tool for Dermatophytosis.
2016
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal infection of keratinized tissues. Dermatophytes can cause discomfort but are not usually life threatening. However, the infection can spread and may lead to systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. Currently available diagnostic methods include potassium hydroxide (KOH) testing and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. However, most diagnostic techniques cannot be performed rapidly; days to weeks may be required for conclusive results. Certain dermatophytes autofluoresce and can be observed under fluorescence microscopy. The authors examined a series of 24 cases of hematoxylin and eosin-stained dermatophytoses using fluorescence micros…
Reducing NAFLD-screening time: A comparative study of eight diagnostic methods offering an alternative to ultrasound scans.
2018
Background & Aims: The use of ultrasound scan (US) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) screening overloads US waiting lists. We hypothesized and tested a hybrid two-step method, consisting of applying a formula, to exclude subjects at low risk, before US. Methods: The sample included 2970 males and females (937 with NAFLD) diagnosed by US. We selected eight formulas: Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HIS), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Abdominal Volume Index (AVI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist/height0.5 (WHT.5R) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), and calculated their performance in the two-step method evaluating percentage reduction of the…
Acoustic Airway Profiles in Unilateral Cleft Palate Patients
1999
Objective: This study investigates the nasal airway in unilateral cleft palate patients by means of a noninvasive, objective diagnostic method that provides topographic information about the airway profile. Design: A consecutive sample of patients was measured. Setting: Cleft palate rehabilitation center of the University of Mainz, Germany. Patients: Forty-nine subjects were investigated: 34 full-grown patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and 15 controls with subjective normal nasal patency. Intervention: A transnasal series of three acoustic measurements of nasal volume was performed per nostril; measurements were taken both before and after decongestion with 0.3 mg xylom…
The accuracy and reproducibility of the endometrial receptivity array is superior to histology as a diagnostic method for endometrial receptivity
2013
Objective To compare the accuracy and reproducibility of the endometrial receptivity array (ERA) versus standard histologic methods. Design A comparative prospective study (May 2008–May 2012). Setting University-affiliated infertility clinic. Patient(s) Eighty-six healthy oocyte donors, regularly cycling, aged 20–34 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 19–25 kg/m 2 . Intervention(s) Endometrial biopsies were collected throughout the menstrual cycle. For the accuracy study, 79 samples were grouped into two cohorts: the training set (n = 79) for ERA machine-learning training and dating, and a dating subset (n = 49) for comparison between histologic and ERA dating. For the reproducibility stu…
Light scattering - diagnostic methods for colloidal dispersions
1993
Abstract The increasing demand from the colloid research community for quick and noninvasive experimental techniques as well as the rapid progress of modern optics and electronics have led to a considerable expansion in the field of light scattering. This review introduces the basic concepts with some emphasis on novel approaches like the study of interacting particle systems, multiple scattering techniques, and non ergodic samples. Particular attention is then devoted to recent experimental progress towards more compact and rugged instruments.
The comparison of reliabilities in dental imaging methods.
2003
Objectives: Common practice in the statistical comparison of imaging instruments with limited reproducibility consists in the separate estimation of the instrument's reliabilities. However, as soon as one of the imaging methods is subject to item-specific bias (which has to be expected in many dentomaxillofacial imaging procedures), this approach will end in severe errors in reliability computation and in corresponding erroneous clinical conclusions. This paper seeks to point out these effects and to illustrate a more appropriate model for the comparison of instrumental reliabilities. Methods: A standard reliability model was adjusted for item-specific bias and illustrated by the comparison…